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UPS ABOUT
Uninterruptible power supplies are electronic devices produced using advanced technology that continuously provide high quality electrical energy to the load it is connected to. It protects the connected load against various problems related to mains energy and guarantees business continuity.
When the mains fails, the uninterruptible power supply continues to power the load, thus providing clean and uninterrupted energy for the load to function fully. Uninterruptible power supplies are named differently as "Line Interactive" and "ON LINE" devices, depending on their design and operation.
Why Do You Need an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)?
Today, the development of technology continues at a dizzying pace. Developments in electronic data processing and data transmission technologies, in particular, bring along the continuous and healthy energy need of all equipment based on these technologies, especially computers.
In countries that have not completed their energy infrastructure investments, this need becomes more evident. The negativities based on many different reasons, especially the inadequacy of the power generation and distribution networks, constitute a clear risk factor for electronic devices that are directly connected to these networks. The most important part of such risks that can be noticed by the user is power cuts. Accordingly, the UPS need for the user often comes to the fore with power cuts. Other negatives that the user is not able to feel directly are often ignored. It can also occur unexpectedly with a serious hardware failure. This can also cause larger interconnected problems.
Apart from power cuts, other network problems with much more serious risks for electronic equipment can cause serious damage, especially in industrial facilities.
What are the Types of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)?
Uninterruptible power supplies are called by different names as "Line Interactive" and "ON LINE" devices, according to their design and operation.
Line Interactive UPS
Online UPS
Line Interactive
If the mains voltage is within certain tolerances, the devices that connect the load directly to the mains, supply the load by adjusting the mains voltage if necessary, switch to the uninterruptible power supply position when the mains are cut off, and can supply for a short time are called Line Interactive uninterruptible power supplies. In mains mode, it also charges the batteries.
Usage areas
Personal computers in homes and businesses.
Generator assisted multi-user computer systems. (The purpose of use in these systems is to keep the system running until the generator starts.)
Low-capacity access control and door control systems. (It is used to prevent loss of information in case of interruption and to keep the system at least in stand-by mode.)
Electronic scales, cash registers and pos devices. (As they are generally low-power devices, their run times can be long and switching interruptions are not a problem.)
Emergency lighting units. (They can be used to illuminate the entrance doors in closed places or for security lighting of building facades in case of power failure.)
It can be used in the feeding of low power systems that do not require mains isolation and are not overly critical.
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Advantages
Input loss is very low as the inverter unit consumes only enough power to balance the part of the grid that is lower or higher than 220 V AC when the mains voltage is present. With this feature, Line Interactive UPSs have the most important advantage over On Line UPSs.
It increases the service life of the batteries as it does not use the batteries while operating in the network mode. While the UPS is operating in mains mode, the batteries remain in buffer charge.
Since the charging units are manufactured with a smaller power and the inverter unit is designed for short-term operation, they are smaller in size.
Disadvantages
There is no mains isolation. While operating in the mains mode, since it adjusts the mains voltage, there is a short circuit at the input and output, and voltage drops and rises that occur at the input are reflected on the output, albeit for a short time.
Regulation units have response times to voltage changes. Although these response times are short, they are not sufficient to compensate for high frequency electrical noises and sudden voltage changes in the network. Especially medical measurement and test devices (ultrasound, electrocardiograph, etc.) are very sensitive to high frequency electrical noises. These noises can cause the devices to malfunction or malfunction.
High-power electric motors (water pumps, coolers, etc.) or welding machines operating close to the UPS location cause voltage drops and rises in the mains voltage in milliseconds. When these distortions exceed certain limits, they are dangerous for almost all electronic devices. Line Interactive UPSs cannot provide sufficient protection in such cases.
A short interruption occurs when switching from the mains to the UPS operating mode. A significant portion of computer systems do not feel this interruption. The regulation limits of Line Interactive UPSs in the network location are not sufficient for certain devices.
They cannot be produced at high powers. Due to their structure, when they are manufactured at powers higher than 2 kVA, they may cause problems due to their relay transitions and waveforms.
The charging time is long because the power of the charging unit is low. They cannot work efficiently in places with frequent power cuts.
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UPS SELECTION
3 Stages of UPS Selection
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) selection should be handled in 3 stages:
1 stage
The first step is to calculate the total power of the load or loads to be connected to the uninterruptible power supply in VA. This power to be calculated is an important criterion to be used in determining the power of the uninterruptible power supply to be selected. However, in such a power calculation, other possible additional loads that may be connected to the uninterruptible power supply later should not be ignored.
Stage 2
The second stage is the time during which the device will feed your system after a power outage. When calculating this period, it should be realistic and should not be demanded excessively. Because a demand much higher than the required time increases the price of the device more than the estimate.
Stage 3
The third step is to determine the brand and model. Whatever the power of the UPS needed, it should be perceived as an investment and it should not be forgotten that even a small UPS purchased for a single computer will be used for years. In fact, the cost of an investment should be perceived as the total amount of material and moral losses that it will cause in the same period as the financial gain it will provide to the user during the period of use of that investment. Estimated lifetimes and failure risks of critical parts in the device; Against these risks, the nature of the technical measures taken in the design and the risks of failure of the device should not be forgotten. Some details such as the adequacy and response speed of the technical service of the relevant company in case of failure, and thus the average downtime of the device in case of failure, are the most important issues to be considered before purchasing the device.
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WHY UPS YOU MUST USE
Why is an uninterruptible power supply necessary?
Today, the development of technology continues at a dizzying pace. Developments in electronic data processing and data transmission technologies, in particular, bring along the continuous and healthy energy need of all equipment based on these technologies, especially computers.
In countries that have not completed their energy infrastructure investments, this need becomes more evident. The negativities based on many different reasons, especially the inadequacy of the power generation and distribution networks, constitute a clear risk factor for electronic devices that are directly connected to these networks. The most important part of such risks that can be noticed by the user is power cuts. Accordingly, the UPS need for the user often comes to the fore with power cuts. Other negatives that the user is not able to feel directly are often ignored. It can also occur unexpectedly with a serious hardware failure. This can also cause larger interconnected problems.
Apart from power cuts, other network problems with much more serious risks for electronic equipment can cause serious damage, especially in industrial facilities.
Instead of the paragraph above, only the title and the following items are sufficient.
Situations Where UPS Is Required
Interruption
It is the situation where the voltage value is zero for a certain time (longer than 1 period). It is defined as mains failure (Power failure). Mains interruption causes circuit breakers to open and faults in power distribution systems. This leads to file corruption, data loss and hardware damage in the computer environment.
Voltage Slump
Voltage sag is defined as a very short time (instantaneous) and lower than normal value of the mains voltage by 80-85%. This situation causes some devices to turn on and off and the main supply switch to be disabled. Voltage sags, as well as voltage spikes, cause data errors, memory losses, flickering of lighting elements (lamps, fluorescents) and shutdown of devices.
Voltage Rise (Jump)
If the voltage is 110% above the normal value, it is defined as a voltage rise. It often causes heavy electrical equipment to shut down. It also causes data errors, memory losses, flickering of lighting elements (lamp, fluorescent) and shutdown of devices.
Low Voltage
It is the situation where the voltage value is constantly low. It occurs when a high current is drawn and the network cannot meet this instantaneous power needed. It remains low as long as this situation continues. In such cases (low voltage), data corruption, data loss and hardware failures may occur in computer systems.
High voltage
It is the situation where the mains voltage rises for a few minutes or longer. High voltage; It can occur when the load is suddenly reduced, when high power industrial devices are turned off or during the switching used. High voltage causes data corruption, data loss and hardware failures in computer systems.
Switching Effect
It is the case of instantaneous very high voltage peaks (up to 20,000 volts). It usually occurs during arcing or static discharge in the network. During the switching of the main power system, disturbances occur in the grid. This event can occur many times a day and causes data loss and corruption, and fatigue of the equipment used in the computer system (power supply, hard disk, etc.).
Network Noise
It is defined as radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (interference). Systems causing network noise; electric motors, relays, motor controllers, radio wave transmission and the like. RFI, EMI and other frequency problems. It causes data errors, loss, keyboard and system crashes.
Frequency Variation
Fluctuations in the network frequency (normally used is 50 Hz.) are changes. Such fluctuations make generators irregular; It also causes unstable operation of power supplies. It causes data corruption, hard disk corruption, keyboard crashes and program errors in sensitive systems.
Harmonic Distortions
These are the disturbances that occur in the network, usually in non-linear loads. Switched power systems (SMPS), speed regulated motors and motor drivers, copiers and fax machines are examples of non-linear loads. Harmonics often cause communication errors, overheating problems, and hardware damage.
The aforementioned situations may threaten the safety of electrical equipment, and in some cases, the safety of life, or may cause loss of production and money in companies. Uninterruptible power supplies are the best solution to avoid encountering such incidents.
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